In many types of construction, the choice of a particular type of material or a given fastener or connector may not be a crucial choice. However, in some types of construction, including on bridges and on buildings that are constructed of concrete and steel, the choice of a stud connector is absolutely essential.
The use of shear connector studs is not left up to chance on these projects. There are very specific requirements for the given application to ensure the two construction materials, the concrete and the steel, will be bonded together by the shear connector to the degree required for safety.
The decision to use specific sizes of shear connector studs is based on several factors. This includes the weight, length, span and even the types of materials that will be held together by the studs.
The Issues
The focus on shear connector studs as a critical part in the construction of composite bridges and buildings cannot be understated. Using the wrong studs or the incorrect placement pattern of the studs can allow the shear forces acting on the two different materials to cause them to move independently of each other.
When the correct pattern and placement of the shear connectors and the right length and diameter of connectors are used, the two different materials are bonded together and are stronger than either would be if not attached over the entire surface.
The bonding or holding of the concrete and steel together to act as one solid system prevents any twisting, bending or sagging, ensuring a safer structure for a bridge, building or any other type of construction.
For most applications, the shear connectors used have a standard head. There are other options that can be used, but they are typically reserved for very particular types of construction needs to address atypical stress factors.