There are many different types of transformers used in electrical systems and devices. The basic task of any of the electrical transformers is to create a specific transfer in power between one circuit and another without any actual physical contact between the two.
During the transfer of the power between the two circuits, there is also no change in the specific phase or frequency of the power. Electrical transformers are used with primary circuits with the need to transfer power through the system through one or more secondary electrical circuits.
The power transfer in all transformers occurs through the use of electromagnetic induction. The electromagnetic field is made by creating two windings around a single core, with the windings independent of each other and not making any physical contact. The types of windings, as well as the specific types of core materials, will have an impact on the choice of the transformer for the specific application.
Step-Up and Step-Down Transformers
Step-up and step-down transformers are used to increase or decrease the secondary voltage in relation to the primary voltage. The differences in the number of windings on the secondary compared to the primary will create the increase or decrease.
Autotransformers
Electrical transformers are slightly different in that the primary and secondary windings do make a connection with each other. They are also magnetically connected. The transformer has different taps along the winding to create the desired variations in the voltage at those specific locations.
These transformers can be single phase and 3 phase, with each allowing for a specific voltage, installation and even size and weight considerations.
Isolation Transformers
Isolation transformers are used to separate or isolate the device from the power source. These are used with AC power to prevent damage to systems, more specifically to protect circuits and sensitive equipment.
There are other specialized types of transformers used in electrical systems as well. They can be a standard design or custom-made to suit the needs of specific applications.
